Laptop Wikipedia. A laptop, often called a notebook or notebook computer, is a small, portable personal computer with a clamshell form factor, an alphanumeric keyboard on the lower part of the clamshell and a thin LCD or LEDcomputer screen on the upper part, which is opened up to use the computer. Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and thus are suitable for mobile use. Although originally there was a distinction between laptops and notebooks, the former being bigger and heavier than the latter, as of 2. Laptops are commonly used in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education, in playing games, Internet surfing, for personal multimedia and general home computer use. A standard laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs, and capabilities of a desktop computer, including the display screen, small speakers, a keyboard, hard disk drive, optical disc drive pointing devices such as a touchpad or trackpad, a processor, and memory into a single unit. Most modern laptops feature integrated webcams and built in microphones, while many also have touchscreens. Laptops can be powered either from an internal battery or by an external power supply from an AC adapter. Hardware specifications, such as the processor speed and memory capacity, significantly vary between different types, makes, models and price points. Design elements, form factor and construction can also vary significantly between models depending on intended use. Examples of specialized models of laptops include rugged notebooks for use in construction or military applications, as well as low production cost laptops such as those from the One Laptop per Child OLPC organization, which incorporate features like solar charging and semi flexible components not found on most laptop computers. Portable computers, which later developed into modern laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field applications, such as in the military, for accountants, or for traveling sales representatives. As portable computers evolved into the modern laptop, they became widely used for a variety of purposes. Terminology variantseditThe terms laptop and notebook are used interchangeably to describe a portable computer in English, although in some parts of the world one or the other may be preferred. There is some question as to the original etymology and specificity of either termthe term laptop appears to have been coined in the early 1. Hot spots Hot spots Hot spots Hot spots. Background Effective rehabilitative therapies are needed for patients with longterm deficits after stroke. Methods In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. A laptop, often called a notebook or notebook computer, is a small, portable personal computer with a clamshell form factor, an alphanumeric keyboard on the lower. Ps 1131 Software Workshop Management' title='Ps 1131 Software Workshop Management' />The term notebook appears to have gained currency somewhat later as manufacturers started producing even smaller portable devices, further reducing their weight and size and incorporating a display roughly the size of A4 paper these were marketed as notebooks to distinguish them from bulkier laptops. Regardless of the etymology, by the late 1. HistoryeditAlan Kay holding the mockup of his Dynabook concept photo 2. Mountain View, California. The Epson HX 2. 0, the first laptop computer, was invented in 1. As the personal computer PC became feasible in 1. A personal, portable information manipulator was imagined by Alan Kay at Xerox PARC in 1. Dynabook. 6 The IBM Special Computer APL Machine Portable SCAMP was demonstrated in 1. This prototype was based on the IBM PALM processor. The IBM 5. September 1. SCAMP prototype. 8As 8 bit CPU machines became widely accepted, the number of portables increased rapidly. The first laptop sized notebook computer was the Epson HX 2. Suwa Seikoshas Yukio Yokozawa in July 1. COMDEX computer show in Las Vegas by Japanese company Seiko Epson in 1. It had an LCD screen, a rechargeable battery, and a calculator size printer, in a 1. A4notebook. 1. 0 It was described as a laptop and notebook computer in its patent. The portable micro computer Portal of the French company R2. E Micral CCMC officially appeared in September 1. Sicob show in PARIS. Ps 1131 Software Workshop Management' title='Ps 1131 Software Workshop Management' />Type or paste a DOI name into the text box. Click Go. Your browser will take you to a Web page URL associated with that DOI name. Vista Skin Pack 5.0 more. Send questions or comments to doi. List of USB IDs Maintained by Stephen J. Gowdy If you have any new entries, please submit them via http or send. It was a portable microcomputer designed and marketed by the studies and developments department of R2. E Micral at the request of company CCMC specializing in payroll and accounting. It was based on an Intel 8. MHZ. It was equipped with a central 6. K bite Ram, a keyboard with 5. V power supply. It weighed 1. It provided total mobility. Its operating system was Prologue. R2. E CCMC Portal laptop in September 1. SICOB show in PARISThe Osborne 1, released in 1. Zilog. Z8. 0 and weighed 2. It had no battery, a 5 in 1. Z Front Lip Install. CRT screen, and dual 5. Both TandyRadio. Shack and Hewlett Packard HP also produced portable computers of varying designs during this period. The first laptops using the flip form factor appeared in the early 1. The Dulmont Magnum was released in Australia in 1. The US8,1. 50 US2. GRi. D Compass 1. NASA and by the military, among others. The Sharp PC 5. 00. Ampere1. 8 and Gavilan SC released in 1. The Gavilan SC was described as a laptop by its manufacturer,1. Ampere had a modern clamshell design. The Toshiba T1. 10. PC experts but the mass market as a way to have PC portability. From 1. 98. 3 onward, several new input techniques were developed and included in laptops, including the touchpad Gavilan SC, 1. IBM Think. Pad 7. Linus Write Top,2. Some CPUs, such as the 1. Intel i. 38. 6SL, were designed to use minimum power to increase battery life of portable computers and were supported by dynamic power management features such as Intel Speed. Step and AMD Power. Now in some designs. Displays reached 6. VGA resolution by 1. Compaq SLT2. 86, and color screens started becoming a common upgrade in 1. Hard drives started to be used in portables, encouraged by the introduction of 3. Optical storage, read only. CD ROM followed by writeable CD and later read only or writeable DVD and Blu ray players, became common in laptops early in the 2. Since the introduction of portable computers during late 1. Except where there is a distinct legal trademark around a term notably Ultrabook, there are rarely hard distinctions between these classes and their usage has varied over time and between different sources. Despite these setbacks, the laptop computer market continues to expand, introducing a number of laptops like Acers Aspire and Travel. Mate, Asus Transformer Book, Vivo. Book and Zenbook, Dells Inspiron, Latitude and XPS, HPs Elite. Book, Envy, Pavilion and Pro. Book, Lenovos Idea. Pad and Think. Pad and Toshibas Portg, Satellite and Tecra that incorporate the use of laptop computers. Traditional laptopeditThe form of the traditional laptop computer is a clamshell, with a screen on one of its inner sides and a keyboard on the opposite, facing the screen. It can be easily folded to conserve space while traveling. The screen and keyboard are inaccessible while closed. Devices of this form are commonly called a traditional laptop or notebook, particularly if they have a screen size of 1. Windows 1. 0, mac. OS, or Linux. Traditional laptops are the most common form of laptops, although Chromebooks, Ultrabooks, convertibles and 2 in 1s described below are becoming more common, with similar performance being achieved in their more portable or affordable forms. SubnotebookeditA subnotebook or an ultraportable, is a laptop designed and marketed with an emphasis on portability small size, low weight, and often longer battery life. Subnotebooks are usually smaller and lighter than standard laptops, weighing between 0.